Ramifications of ages, problem duration, HY stage and you may Led

System angles during the PD people

NF, Fb, KB and Lb basics inside the male and female patients which have PD are shown within the Fig. 2. I found that ages (male: 66 ± eleven yrs . old, female: 68 ± 8 yrs . old), disease duration (male: eight.8 ± cuatro.eight decades, female: 8.six ± 5.4 many years), HY phase (male: dos.8 ± 0.8, female: dos.eight ± 0.7) and you will Added (male: 501 ± 253 mg, female: 436 ± 233 milligrams) just weren’t somewhat various other ranging from genders. NF perspective for males (twenty seven.6 ± 11.8) is notably more than in females (22.nine ± fourteen.9) (p = 0.01). Although not, most other basics just weren’t significantly additional ranging from women and men (FB: 5.4 ± 11.six and 2.2 ± 6.eight, KB: 17.7 ± eight.seven and you can 19.six ± 10.2, LB: dos.seven ± 3.nine and you may step 3.5 ± 3.4, respectively).

NF, FB, KB and LB angles in male and female PD patients. NF angle was significantly larger in males than in females (P < 0.05), but FB, KB and LB angles showed no significant difference between males and females

Correlations between NF, Fb, KB, Pound bases and you will logical predictors (decades, disease course, HY stage and you may Led) are offered for the Table step one.

FB (r = 0.246, p < 0.01) and KB (r = 0.359, p < 0.001) angles increased significantly with advancing age. Further, NF (r = 0.197, p < 0.05) and FB (r = 0.196, p < 0.05) angles were significantly associated with disease duration. All the measured angles increased significantly with advancing HY stage: NF (r = 0.350, p < 0.001), FB (r = 0.492, p < 0.001), KB (r = 0.381, p < 0.001) and LB (r = 0.213, p < 0.05). Finally, there was a significant association between LED and FB (r = 0.243, p < 0.01), but not the other angles. DDA showed no significant relationship with any of the measured angles. Mean values of LED and DDA were 472 ± 248 mg/day and 123 ± 120 mg/day, respectively.

Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the relationships among these four predictors as explanatory variables and each angle as a categorical response variable. HY stage was the most explanatory variable for NF (partial regression coefficient (B) = 6.578, p < 0.001), FB (B = 5.976, p < 0.001) and KB (B = 5.614, p < 0.001), while LED was the most explanatory variable for LB (B = 0.004, p = 0.002).

Laterality away from first symptom and Lb perspective

The partnership between laterality of the initial danger signal and you may Pound perspective is actually checked-out. To have 59 patients, the initial danger signal is actually off to the right top and also for 43 patients, it actually was to the leftover (nearly symmetrical fifteen, not familiar step 3). Bending side (assistance away from Lb direction) was not with the section of the very first warning sign (Fig. 3).

The relationship ranging from laterality of your own 1st danger sign and you may Pound perspective. Bending front side (direction out-of Pound direction) was not in the region of the initial danger signal

Mutual relationship certainly measured bases

Table 2 shows the relationships among the measured angles. NF and KB (r = 0.275, p < 0.01), NF and LB (r = 0.250, p < 0.01), FB and KB (r = 0.335, p < 0.001), KB and LB (r = 0.225, p < 0.05) were significantly positively correlated.

We also examined the relationships among the measured angles separately by age or gender, and the results are shown in Tables 3 and 4. When subjects were divided into a younger group (age less than 70 years old; n = 57) and an older group (age over 70 years old; n = 63), significant correlations were found only in the older group, between NF and LB (r = 0.269, p < 0.05) and between FB and KB (r = 0.375, r < 0.01). As to gender, different trends were found in men (n = 66) and women (n = 54), but significant correlations were seen between NF and LB and between FB and KB in both sexes.